??
為什么韓國姓金的人這么多
韓國長期的封建傳統(tǒng)是其部分原因,。就像世界許多其他地方一樣，在朝鮮王朝（1392-1910）末年之前,，姓氏是稀有的,。它們是皇族和一些貴族（兩班）所獨(dú)有的特權(quán)。奴隸和被逐之人,，如屠夫,、巫師和妓女，以及工匠,、商人,、和尚都不能冠以姓氏。然而,，隨著地方士紳重要性的增加,，高麗王朝（918-1392）的開國皇帝王建（Wang Geon）試圖通過授予姓氏以突顯忠誠之士和朝廷官員來緩和事態(tài)。使人能夠平步青云,、受朝廷錄用的公務(wù)員科舉考試要求所有報(bào)考的人登記姓氏。因此達(dá)官顯貴們有了姓氏,。越來越多的成功商人也有了姓氏,。他們可以用金錢換取貴族（或許是一個(gè)落魄的兩班）的族譜，然后使用他的姓氏,。18世紀(jì)末,，這種宗譜偽造十分猖獗。許多家族都篡改他們的族譜：例如當(dāng)某個(gè)血統(tǒng)后繼無人時(shí),，就把沒有血緣關(guān)系的人寫進(jìn)族譜,，而作為回報(bào)，這個(gè)陌生人就能獲得一個(gè)高貴的姓氏,。
由于李和金這樣的姓氏屬于古代朝鮮皇族使用的姓氏,，它們就受到了地方權(quán)貴的青睞，之后,，越來越多的平民在冠以姓氏時(shí)同樣傾向選擇這樣的姓氏,。這韓國姓氏都源自中國，仿效中國姓氏的尊貴讀法,，是朝鮮宮廷和貴族在7世紀(jì)時(shí)引用的,。（許多韓國姓氏都取自一個(gè)單獨(dú)的漢字。）所以，為區(qū)分具有相同姓氏之人的血統(tǒng),，一個(gè)氏族的祖籍通常會(huì)附在姓名上,。金氏具有近300個(gè)不同的祖籍地，如慶州金氏氏族和金海金氏氏族（盡管官方記載之外的祖籍都無從查證,。）有限的姓氏數(shù)量意味著沒人能確認(rèn)誰是自己的血親,；所以在朝鮮王朝末期，皇帝頒布禁令,，禁止同一氏族的人結(jié)婚（此禁令只在1997年得到實(shí)施）,。1894年朝鮮階級(jí)體系的廢除使得普通人也能擁有姓氏：低級(jí)階層的人通常冠上主人或地主的姓，或者簡(jiǎn)單選一個(gè)常用姓氏,。1909年韓國通過了新的人口普查登記法,，要求所有韓國人都登記姓氏。
如今,，曾經(jīng)作為評(píng)判人們身份地位重要因素的家族出身對(duì)韓國人已不再具有相同的意義了,。然而新樸氏、金氏和李氏家族的人數(shù)還是在增加：越來越多的外國人,，包括中國人,、越南人和菲律賓人，加入韓國國籍,，成為韓國公民,，而根據(jù)政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)，他們最常選擇的韓國姓氏就是金,、李,、樸和崔；登記為如蒙古金氏氏族或太極（泰國的）樸氏氏族,。這三個(gè)姓氏的火熱程度看來會(huì)持續(xù)下去,。
（更多資訊請(qǐng)關(guān)注中國進(jìn)出口網(wǎng)）
A SOUTH KOREAN saying claims that a stone thrown from the top of Mount Namsan, in the centre of the capital Seoul, is bound to hit a person with the surname Kim or Lee. One in every five South Koreans is a Kim—in a population of just over 50m. And from the current president, Park Geun-hye, to rapper PSY (born Park Jae-sang), almost one in ten is a Park. Taken together, these three surnames account for almost half of those in use in South Korea today. Neighbouring China has around 100 surnames in common usage; Japan may have as many as 280,000 distinct family names. Why is there so little diversity in Korean surnames?
Korea’s long feudal tradition offers part of the answer. As in many other parts of the world, surnames were a rarity until the late Joseon dynasty (1392-1910). They remained the privilege of royals and a few aristocrats (yangban) only. Slaves and outcasts such as butchers, shamans and prostitutes, but also artisans, traders and monks, did not have the luxury of a family name. As the local gentry grew in importance, however, Wang Geon, the founding king of the Goryeo dynasty (918–1392), tried to mollify it by granting surnames as a way to distinguish faithful subjects and government officials. The gwageo, a civil-service examination that became an avenue for social advancement and royal preferment, required all those who sat it to register a surname. Thus elite households adopted one. It became increasingly common for successful merchants too to take on a last name. They could purchase an elite genealogy by physically buying a genealogical book (jokbo)—perhaps that of a bankrupt yangban—and using his surname. By the late 18th century, forgery of such records was rampant. Many families fiddled with theirs: when, for example, a bloodline came to an end, a non-relative could be written into a genealogical book in return for payment. The stranger, in turn, acquired a noble surname.
As family names such as Lee and Kim were among those used by royalty in ancient Korea, they were preferred by provincial elites and, later, commoners when plumping for a last name. This small pool of names originated from China, adopted by the Korean court and its nobility in the 7th century in emulation of noble-sounding Chinese surnames. (Many Korean surnames are formed from a single Chinese character.) So, to distinguish one’s lineage from those of others with the same surname, the place of origin of a given clan (bongwan) was often tagged onto the name. Kims have around 300 distinct regional origins, such as the Gyeongju Kim and Gimhae Kim clans (though the origin often goes unidentified except on official documents). The limited pot of names meant that no one was quite sure who was a blood relation; so, in the late Joseon period, the king enforced a ban on marriages between people with identical bongwan (a restriction that was only lifted in 1997). In 1894 the abolition of Korea’s class-based system allowed commoners to adopt a surname too: those on lower social rungs often adopted the name of their master or landlord, or simply took one in common usage. In 1909 a new census-registration law was passed, requiring all Koreans to register a surname.
Today clan origins, once deemed an important marker of a person’s heritage and status, no longer bear the same relevance to Koreans. Yet the number of new Park, Kim and Lee clans is in fact growing: more foreign nationals, including Chinese, Vietnamese and Filipinos, are becoming naturalised Korean citizens, and their most popular picks for a local surname are Kim, Lee, Park and Choi, according to government figures; registering, for example, the Mongol Kim clan, or the Taeguk (of Thailand) Park clan. The popularity of these three names looks set to continue.
（更多資訊請(qǐng)關(guān)注中國進(jìn)出口網(wǎng)）
