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為了在全球范圍內(nèi)標(biāo)注西班牙方言,，語(yǔ)言學(xué)研究學(xué)者Bruno Gonçalves和David Sánchez分析了超過(guò)5000萬(wàn)的具有地理標(biāo)記的推文,，認(rèn)真觀看了一些特定的詞,，這些詞隨著方言的不同而有所變化,。比如sandwich這個(gè)單詞，不同的方言寫(xiě)法就有以下許多種,，可以是bocadillo,bocadito,bocata,emparedado,sandwich,sangüis,sangüich或者是sanwich,。
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)“這些輪廓分明的宏觀區(qū)域的存在都擁有共同的詞匯特征。”換句話說(shuō),，從南美洲來(lái)的人一般情況下會(huì)和從中美地區(qū)或者是西班牙來(lái)的人說(shuō)的西班牙語(yǔ)不一樣,。這沒(méi)有什么驚奇的。但是他們也發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些讓他們感到驚奇的事情：除了一些廣為人知的西班牙區(qū)域性方言以外,，還存在兩種全球性超級(jí)方言,，研究學(xué)者這樣命名它們。
第一個(gè)“超級(jí)方言”,，即超級(jí)方言α，它是指主要的美洲和西班牙城市使用的語(yǔ)言,，并且這種語(yǔ)言相當(dāng)于帶有濃重城市化元素的國(guó)際變體,。而第二個(gè)“超級(jí)方言”，即超級(jí)方言β,，它指的是那些在一些鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)和小城鎮(zhèn)使用的語(yǔ)言,。
這意味著什么呢？舉個(gè)例子,，一位從馬德里城市地區(qū)來(lái)的西班牙人說(shuō)起話來(lái)就像是從邁阿密城市地區(qū)來(lái)的人一樣,，但是卻不像從安達(dá)盧西亞鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)來(lái)的人的口音。研究學(xué)者發(fā)現(xiàn),，城市很自然的會(huì)運(yùn)用“語(yǔ)言向心力”,，這種語(yǔ)言向心力更喜歡將語(yǔ)言統(tǒng)一化。更直白的說(shuō),，居住在人口稠密的城市環(huán)境里的人們口音越來(lái)越類(lèi)似于其他人,，并且也越來(lái)越類(lèi)似于分布在全球各個(gè)地方的居住在人口稀少的鄉(xiāng)村環(huán)境中的人們的口音。
供大眾交流使用的twitter和其他工具則幫助加速了這一過(guò)程的推進(jìn),。(欲了解更多全球資訊,，請(qǐng)關(guān)注中國(guó)進(jìn)出口網(wǎng)：doscana.com)
In an attempt to map Spanish dialects on a global scale, linguistics researchers Bruno Gonçalves and David Sánchez analyzed more than 50 million geotagged tweets, looking at certain words which vary from dialect to dialect. The word for sandwich, for instance, can be bocadillo, bocadito, bocata, emparedado, sandwich, sangüis,sangüich, or sanwich, depending on the dialect.
They found “the existence of well defined macroregions sharing common lexical properties” — in other words, people from South America generally speak a different Spanish than those from Central America or Spain. No surprise there. But they also discovered something that did surprise them: in addition to well-known regional dialects of Spanish, there exist two global “superdialects,” as the researchers dubbed them.
The first superdialect — Superdialect α — “is utilized by speakers in main American and Spanish cities and corresponds to an international variety with a strongly urban component,” while the second superdialect — Superdialect β — is spoken mostly in “rural areas and small towns.”
What does this mean? That a Spanish speaker from urban Madrid, for instance, sounds more like someone from urban Miami than someone from rural Andalucía. Cities, the researchers found, naturally exert a “linguistic centripetal force that favors dialect unification.” In plain English, people living in densely-populated urban environments begin to sound more and more like one another, and more and more like those living in other densely-populated urban environments across the globe. The ubiquity of Twitter and other tools for mass communication have helped the process along.
