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中國國務院總理李克強的一個按鍵，標志著中國首家互聯網銀行的正式營業(yè),，這也反映出中國政府希望新型的民營銀行能夠擴大亟需貸款的小規(guī)模借款者的融資渠道,。
由中國游戲和社交網絡集團騰訊控股(Tencent Holdings)發(fā)起創(chuàng)建的合資企業(yè)微眾銀行(WeBank),，成為首家根據試點計劃開展業(yè)務的民營銀行，去年,，銀監(jiān)會向5家類似的機構發(fā)放了牌照,。微眾銀行的名字來源于騰訊大受歡迎的即時通訊和社交網絡應用微信(WeChat)。
電子商務巨擘阿里巴巴(Alibaba)旗下一家子公司也獲得批準,，與復星國際(Fosun International)合作創(chuàng)建一家互聯網銀行,。
據官方新聞通訊社新華社的報道，李克強在深圳微眾銀行的開業(yè)儀式上表示,，我們要“要降低成本讓小微客戶切實受益”,，“這是微眾銀行的一小步，卻是金融改革的一大步,。”
長期以來,，小型民營企業(yè)一直很難從國有銀行取得貸款，這些銀行更愿意貸款給規(guī)模較大的國有企業(yè),。經濟學家表示,，中小企業(yè)占中國國內生產總值(GDP)的60%左右，占新增就業(yè)的75%左右,。
騰訊和阿里巴巴計劃利用大數據優(yōu)勢,，利用用戶數據庫評估小型借款者的信貸風險。上周日,，在按下回車鍵后,，李克強向一名卡車司機發(fā)放了3.5萬元人民幣(合5600美元)貸款。分析師預測,，多數貸款將為100萬元人民幣以下,。
微眾銀行和其他互聯網銀行面臨的一個重要挑戰(zhàn)在于吸引存款。微眾銀行將成為中國首家互聯網銀行,，不會設立任何實體分支機構,，而傳統銀行通過分支機構吸收資金。
但阿里巴巴和騰訊已證明它們有能力吸引資金投入它們在網上以及通過網站和移動應用銷售的存款類貨幣市場基金,。兩家公司都擁有移動支付服務,，用戶可以將資金存入自己的賬戶。
中國銀監(jiān)會最近放松了最高75%的貸存比規(guī)定，在計算存貸比時,，允許非銀行金融機構將同業(yè)存款視為存款,。這將減輕散戶存款基數較小機構的合規(guī)負擔。
去年,，中國還推出了新的存款保險制度,，旨在為低于50萬元人民幣的所有存款提供保險。這應會讓初創(chuàng)銀行更容易與國有銀行爭奪資金,，國有銀行被普遍認為擁有政府擔保,。
互聯網模式可以簡化客戶服務,，在傳統銀行業(yè),，即便是簡單的換匯交易也通常需要很長的手續(xù)辦理時間。
在批準5家民營銀行的試點計劃之前,，民生銀行是中國唯一一家民營商業(yè)銀行,。
A keystroke by Chinese premier Li Keqiang marked the launch of China’s first online-only bank,reflecting the government’s hope that a new crop of privately owned lenders will expand accessto finance for credit-starved smaller borrowers.
WeBank, a joint venture led by Chinese gaming and social network group Tencent Holdings,became the first private bank to start operations under a new pilot, after the banking regulatorgranted licenses to six such institutions last year. Its name comes from WeChat, Tencent’swildly popular instant messaging and social networking app.
An affiliate of ecommerce heavyweight Alibaba has also been cleared to launch an internet-based bank in partnership with Fosun International.
“We will lower costs for and deliver practical benefits to small clients, while forcing traditionalfinancial institutions to accelerate reforms,” Mr Li said at an opening ceremony in Shenzhen,according to the official Xinhua news agency. “It’s one small step for WeBank, one giant stepfor financial reform.”
Small, privately owned companies have long struggled to obtain loans from state-owned banks,which prefer lending to larger, state-owned groups. Economists say small and medium-sizedcompanies provide about 60 per cent of China’s gross domestic product and about 75 per centof new jobs.
Tencent and Alibaba plan to exploit a Big Data advantage, using troves of user data toevaluate credit risk of small borrowers. With the press of a button on Sunday, Mr Li sentdispatched a Rmb35,000 ($5,600) loan to a truck driver. Analysts expect most loans will beunder Rmb1m.
A key challenge for WeBank and other internet lenders will be attracting deposits. WeBank willbe China’s first online-only bank and will not have any physical branches, the main channel bywhich traditional banks draw in funds.
But Alibaba and Tencent have already proven their ability to attract funds into deposit-likemoney-market funds sold online and through their websites and mobile applications. Both havemobile payment services that enable users to store funds in their accounts.
China’s banking regulator recently loosened enforcement of the maximum 75 per cent loan-to-deposit ratio, allowing placements by non-bank financial institutions to count as deposits underthe calculation. That will ease the burden of compliance for institutions with small retaildeposit bases.
China also revealed a new deposit insurance scheme last year intended to insure all depositsunder Rmb500,000. That should make it easier for upstart lenders to compete for funds withstate-owned banks widely viewed as carrying a government guarantee.
The online-only format could streamline customer service in an industry wher even simpletransactions such as exchanging currency often involve lengthy bureaucracy.
Prior to the pilot programme approval of six privately owned bank, Minsheng Bank was China’sonly privately owned commercial bank.
